特殊教育+教育心理学 核心术语(中英对照)
一、基础通用术语
- 1. 特殊教育Special Education
- 2. 教育心理学Educational Psychology
- 3. 个别化教育计划Individualized Education Program, IEP
- 4. 融合教育 / 全纳教育Inclusive Education
- 5. 随班就读Learning in Regular Class
- 6. 康复训练Rehabilitation Training
- 7. 干预Intervention
- 8. 评估Assessment / Evaluation
- 9. 筛查Screening
- 10. 诊断Diagnosis
二、障碍类型(特教核心)
1. 发展类障碍
- 1. 智力障碍Intellectual Disability, ID
- 2. 智力低下Mental Retardation
- 3. 孤独症谱系障碍Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD
- 4. 自闭症Autism
- 5. 发育迟缓Developmental Delay
- 6. 全面发育迟缓Global Developmental Delay, GDD
2. 学习障碍
- 1. 学习障碍Learning Disability, LD
- 2. 阅读障碍Dyslexia
- 3. 书写障碍Dysgraphia
- 4. 计算障碍Dyscalculia
- 5. 特定学习障碍Specific Learning Disorder, SLD
3. 情绪与行为障碍
- 1. 情绪行为障碍Emotional and Behavioral Disorder, EBD
- 2. 注意缺陷多动障碍Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD
- 3. 注意缺陷障碍Attention Deficit Disorder, ADD
- 4. 对立违抗障碍Oppositional Defiant Disorder, ODD
- 5. 品行障碍Conduct Disorder, CD
- 6. 焦虑障碍Anxiety Disorder
- 7. 情绪困扰Emotional Disturbance
4. 感官与肢体障碍
- 1. 视力障碍Visual Impairment
- 2. 盲Blindness
- 3. 低视力Low Vision
- 4. 听力障碍Hearing Impairment
- 5. 耳聋Deafness
- 6. 言语语言障碍Speech and Language Impairment
- 7. 构音障碍Articulation Disorder
- 8. 肢体残疾Physical Disability
- 9. 脑性瘫痪Cerebral Palsy, CP
三、学习与认知心理术语
- 1. 认知Cognition
- 2. 认知能力Cognitive Ability
- 3. 感知觉Perception and Sensation
- 4. 注意力Attention
- 5. 短时记忆Short-term Memory
- 6. 长时记忆Long-term Memory
- 7. 工作记忆Working Memory
- 8. 思维Thinking
- 9. 表象Mental Image
- 10. 迁移Transfer
- 11. 泛化Generalization
- 12. 分化Discrimination
- 13. 元认知Metacognition
- 14. 认知策略Cognitive Strategy
- 15. 执行功能Executive Function
四、行为主义与行为干预术语(特教高频)
- 1. 行为矫正Behavior Modification
- 2. 应用行为分析Applied Behavior Analysis, ABA
- 3. 强化Reinforcement
- - 正强化Positive Reinforcement
- - 负强化Negative Reinforcement
- 4. 惩罚Punishment
- 5. 消退Extinction
- 6. 塑造Shaping
- 7. 连锁Chaining
- 8. 提示 / 辅助Prompt
- 9. 渐隐Fading
- 10. 行为功能分析Functional Behavior Assessment, FBA
- 11. 问题行为Problem Behavior
- 12. 刻板行为Stereotyped Behavior
- 13. 自我刺激行为Self-stimulation Behavior
- 14. 代币系统Token Economy
五、动机、人格与社会心理
- 1. 学习动机Learning Motivation
- 2. 内在动机Intrinsic Motivation
- 3. 外在动机Extrinsic Motivation
- 4. 自我效能感Self-efficacy
- 5. 自尊Self-esteem
- 6. 社交技能Social Skill
- 7. 社交沟通Social Communication
- 8. 同伴关系Peer Relationship
- 9. 社交互动Social Interaction
- 10. 情绪调节Emotion Regulation
- 11. 依恋Attachment
六、教学与训练相关术语
- 1. 分层教学Differentiated Instruction
- 2. 结构化教学Structured Teaching
- 3. 情境教学Situational Teaching
- 4. 辅助沟通系统Augmentative and Alternative Communication, AAC
- 5. 一对一教学One-on-one Teaching
- 6. 密集训练Intensive Training
- 7. 技能习得Skill Acquisition
- 8. 维持Maintenance
- 9. 生活适应能力Daily Living Skill
- 10. 职业康复Vocational Rehabilitation
七、测评与量表相关
- 1. 智力测验Intelligence Test
- 2. 标准化测验Standardized Test
- 3. 常模Norm
- 4. 信度Reliability
- 5. 效度Validity
- 6. 发展量表Developmental Scale
- 7. 行为量表Behavior Scale
- 8. 观察法Observation Method
- 9. 访谈法Interview Method
八、其他高频专业术语
- 1. 共病Comorbidity
- 2. 代偿Compensation
- 3. 支持系统Support System
- 4. 融合支持Inclusive Support
- 5. 转介Referral
- 6. 随班就读支持资源Resource for In-class Students
- 7. 康复评估Rehabilitation Assessment
- 8. 早期干预Early Intervention, EI
- 9. 学前特教Early Childhood Special Education
- 10. 转衔服务Transition Service